Ama-extracellular vesicles ama-nano vesicles angapheli akhiqizwe amaseli, anobubanzi obuyi-30-200 nm, esongwe ngolwelwesi lwe-lipid bilayer, aphethe ama-nucleic acid, amaprotheni, ama-lipids, nama-metabolites. Ama-vesicle e-Extracellular ayithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuxhumana phakathi kwamaseli futhi abambe iqhaza ekushintshaneni kwezinto phakathi kwamaseli. Ama-vesicle e-extracellular angafihlwa ngamaseli ahlukahlukene ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile kanye ne-pathological, ikakhulukazi etholakala ekwakhekeni kwezinhlayiya ze-lysosomal eziningi ngaphakathi kwamaseli. Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa kwe-membrane ye-extracellular kanye nolwelwesi lwangaphandle lwamaseli ama-multivesicular, akhululwa ku-matrix e-extracellular. Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphansi kokuzivikela komzimba, imiphumela engeyona enobuthi, ikhono eliqinile lokukhomba, kanye nekhono lokuwela umgoqo wegazi nobuchopho, ibhekwa njengesithwali sezidakamizwa esingaba khona. Ngo-2013, iNobel Prize in Physiology noma Medicine yaklonyeliswa kososayensi abathathu ababambe iqhaza ocwaningweni lwama-vesicle angaphandle. Kusukela lapho, kube negagasi locwaningo, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nokudayiswa kwama-vesicles angaphandle kwezemfundo kanye nezimboni.

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Ama-vesicle e-extracellular avela kumaseli ezitshalo anothe ngezithako ezisebenzayo eziyingqayizivele, anomthamo omncane, futhi angangena ezicutshini. Iningi lazo lingangenwa futhi lingene ngqo emathunjini. Isibonelo, amabhamuza e-ginseng anenzuzo ekuhlukaniseni amaseli e-stem abe amaseli ezinzwa, kuyilapho amabhamuza e-ginger angalawula i-gut microbiota futhi adambise ukuqunjelwa. I-Microalgae yizitshalo ezindala kunazo zonke ezineseli elilodwa emhlabeni. Cishe kunezinhlobo ze-300000 ze-microalgae, ezisakazwa kabanzi olwandle, amachibi, imifula, izingwadule, amathafa, izinguzunga zeqhwa nakwezinye izindawo, ezinezici zesifunda ezihlukile. Kuso sonke isikhathi sokuvela koMhlaba oyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-3, ama-microalgae abelokhu ekwazi ukuchuma njengamangqamuzana awodwa eMhlabeni, ahlobene eduze nokukhula kwawo okungavamile kanye namakhono okuziphilisa.

Ama-Microalgae extracellular vesicles ayinoveli ye-biomedical esebenzayo enokuphepha okuphezulu nokuzinza. I-Microalgae inezinzuzo zenqubo yokutshala elula futhi elawulekayo, izindleko eziphansi, ukukhula okusheshayo, isivuno esikhulu se-vesicle, kanye nobunjiniyela obulula ekukhiqizeni ama-vesicle angaphandle. Ezifundweni ezedlule, kwatholakala ukuthi ama-microalgae extracellular vesicles afakwa kalula ngaphakathi ngamaseli. Emamodeli ezilwane, kwatholakala ukuthi adonswa ngokuqondile emathunjini futhi ahlanganiswe nezicubu ezithile. Ngemva kokungena ku-cytoplasm, ingahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa, okuzuzisa ukukhululwa okuqhubekayo kwezidakamizwa isikhathi eside.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-microalgae extracellular vesicles anamandla okulayisha izidakamizwa eziningi, athuthukise ukuzinza kwamangqamuzana, ukukhululwa okuqhubekayo, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zomlomo, nokuxazulula izithiyo ezikhona zokulethwa kwezidakamizwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwama-microalgae extracellular vesicles kungenzeka kakhulu ekuhumusheni emitholampilo nasekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni.