I-extracellular vesicles yi-endogenous nano vesicles efihliweyo ngamaseli, kunye nobubanzi be-30-200 nm, ehlanganiswe kwi-lipid bilayer membrane, ephethe i-nucleic acids, iiprotheni, i-lipids kunye ne-metabolites. I-extracellular vesicles sisixhobo esiphambili sonxibelelwano lwe-intercellular kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ekutshintshisweni kwezinto phakathi kweeseli. I-Extracellular vesicles inokufihlwa ngamaseli ahlukeneyo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo kunye neemeko ze-pathological, eziphuma ngokuyinhloko ekubunjweni kwe-multivesicular lysosomal particles ngaphakathi kweeseli. Emva kokudityaniswa kwe-membrane ye-extracellular kunye ne-membrane yangaphandle yeeseli ze-multivesicular, zikhutshwa kwi-matrix engaphandle. Ngenxa ye-immunogenicity yayo ephantsi, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingeyotyhefu, isakhono esinamandla sokujolisa, kunye nokukwazi ukuwela umqobo wegazi-ingqondo, ithathwa njengomphathi weziyobisi. Kwi-2013, i-Nobel Prize kwiPhysiology okanye i-Medicine yanikezelwa kwiinzululwazi ezintathu ezithatha inxaxheba kuphononongo lwama-vesicles angaphandle. Ukusukela ngoko, kuye kwakho igagasi lophando, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokuthengiswa kwee-vesicles zangaphandle kuzo zombini izifundo kunye neshishini.

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Iingqungquthela ze-extracellular ezivela kwiiseli zezityalo zizityebi kwizithako ezisebenzayo ezizodwa, zinomthamo omncinci, kwaye zinokungena kwizicubu. Uninzi lwazo lunokungeniswa kwaye lufakwe ngokuthe ngqo emathunjini. Umzekelo, amaqamza e-ginseng aluncedo ekwahlulweni kweeseli ze-stem kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo, ngelixa i-ginger bubbles inokulawula i-gut microbiota kunye nokunciphisa isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga. IMicroalgae zezona zityalo zindala zineseli enye emhlabeni. Kukho phantse i-300000 yeentlobo ze-microalgae, ezisasazwa ngokubanzi kwiilwandle, amachibi, imilambo, iintlango, iiplateaus, i-glaciers kunye nezinye iindawo, ezineempawu ezizodwa zengingqi. Kuyo yonke indalo ye-3 yebhiliyoni yoMhlaba, i-microalgae ibisoloko ikwazi ukukhula njengeeseli enye eMhlabeni, enxibelelene ngokusondeleyo nokukhula kwabo okungaqhelekanga kunye nobuchule bokuphilisa.

I-Microalgae extracellular vesicles yinoveli ye-biomedical esebenzayo kunye nokhuseleko oluphezulu kunye nokuzinza. I-Microalgae ineenzuzo zenkqubo yokulima elula kunye nokulawulwayo, ixabiso eliphantsi, ukukhula okukhawulezayo, isivuno esiphezulu se-vesicle, kunye nobunjineli obulula ekuveliseni i-extracellular vesicles. Kwizifundo zangaphambili, kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-microalgae extracellular vesicles ifakwa kalula ngaphakathi ngeeseli. Kwiimodeli zezilwanyana, kwafunyaniswa ukuba zifakwe ngokuthe ngqo emathunjini kwaye zityetyiswe kwizicubu ezithile. Emva kokungena kwi-cytoplasm, inokuhlala iintsuku ezininzi, enenzuzo yokukhululwa kwexesha elide leziyobisi.

Ukongezelela, i-microalgae extracellular vesicles inamandla okulayisha iziyobisi ezininzi, ukuphucula ukuzinza kwe-molecular, ukukhululwa okuqhubekayo, ukulungelelaniswa komlomo, kunye nokusombulula imiqobo ekhoyo yokuhanjiswa kweziyobisi. Ke ngoko, uphuhliso lwe-microalgae extracellular vesicles lunokwenzeka kakhulu kuguqulelo lweklinikhi kunye noshishino.