Yintoni i-DHA?

I-DHA yi-docosahexaenoic acid, eye-omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Umfanekiso 1). Kutheni ibizwa ngokuba yi-OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid? Okokuqala, ikhonkco layo le-asidi enamafutha ine-6 ​​unsaturated bonds kabini; okwesibini, uOMEGA ngunobumba wama-24 nowokugqibela wesiGrike. Ekubeni i-double unsaturated bond ephindwe kabini kwikhonkco le-asidi enamafutha ibekwe kwi-athomu yesithathu ye-carbon ukusuka ekupheleni kwe-methyl, ibizwa ngokuba yi-OMEGA-3, iyenza i-OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Dukunikezelwa kunye nendlela ye-DHA

Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sobunzima besiqu sobuchopho yi-lipid, ecebile kwi-OMEGA-3 i-polyunsaturated fatty acids, kunye ne-DHA ethatha i-90% ye-OMEGA-3 ye-polyunsaturated fatty acids kunye ne-10-20% ye-lipids yobuchopho iyonke. I-EPA (i-eicosapentaenoic acid) kunye ne-ALA (i-alpha-linolenic acid) yenza kuphela inxalenye encinci. I-DHA lelona candelo liphambili le-membrane ye-lipid structures, njenge-neuronal synapses, i-endoplasmic reticulum, kunye ne-mitochondria. Ukongezelela, i-DHA ibandakanyeka kwi-cell membrane-mediated signal transduction, i-gene expression, ukulungiswa kwe-neural oxidative, ngaloo ndlela ilungelelanisa ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo kunye nomsebenzi. Ngoko ke, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo, ukuhanjiswa kwe-neural, imemori, ukuqonda, njl. (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Iiseli ze-photoreceptor kwindawo ye-photosensitive ye-retina zizityebi kwi-polyunsaturated fatty acids, kunye ne-DHA ebala ngaphezu kwe-50% ye-polyunsaturated fatty acids (Yeboah et al., 2021 Journal of Lipid Research; Calder, 2016 Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism). I-DHA iyona nxalenye ephambili ye-acids enkulu ye-unsaturated fatty acids kwiiseli ze-photoreceptor, ezithatha inxaxheba ekwakhiweni kwezi seli, kunye nokulamla ukuhanjiswa kwezibonakaliso ezibonakalayo kunye nokuphucula ukusinda kweeseli ekuphenduleni uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative (i-Swinkels kunye ne-Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics).

I-DHA kunye neMpilo yoLuntu

Indima ye-DHA kuPhuhliso lwengqondo, ukuqonda, iMemori, kunye neemvakalelo zokuziphatha

Ukuphuhliswa kwe-lobe yangaphambili yengqondo kuphenjelelwa kakhulu kunikezelo lwe-DHA(Goustard-Langelie 1999 Lipids), ezichaphazela amandla okuqonda, kubandakanywa ukugxila, ukwenza izigqibo, kunye neemvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha komntu. Ke ngoko, ukugcina amanqanaba aphezulu e-DHA akubalulekanga nje ekukhuleni kwengqondo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokufikisa, kodwa kubalulekile ekuqondeni nasekuziphatheni kwabantu abadala. Isiqingatha se-DHA ebuchotsheni bosana sivela ekuqokelelweni kwe-DHA kamama ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ngelixa usana oluthatha yonke imihla lwe-DHA luphindwe ka-5 kunomntu omdala.(Bourre, J. Nutr. Health Aging 2006; McNamara et al., Prostaglandins Leukot. Esent. Amafutha. Iiasidi 2006). Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufumana i-DHA eyaneleyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nosana. Kucetyiswa ukuba oomama bongeze i-200 mg ye-DHA ngosuku ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokuncancisa(Koletzko et al., J. Perinat. Med.2008; IGunya loKhuseleko lokuTya lwaseYurophu, i-EFSA J. 2010). Izifundo ezahlukeneyo zibonise ukuba ukuxhaswa kwe-DHA ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwandisa ubunzima bokuzalwa kunye nobude(UMakrides et al, Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2006), ngelixa sikwaphucula izakhono zokuqonda ebuntwaneni(UHelland et al., Unyango lwabantwana ngo-2003).

Ukuncedisa nge-DHA ngexesha lokuncancisa kuphucula ulwimi lwezandla (Meldrum et al., Br. J. Nutr. 2012), kuphucula ukukhula kwengqondo yomntwana, kwaye kwandisa i-IQ (Drover et a l., Early Hum. Dev.2011); Cohen Am. J. Edlulileyo. Med. 2005). Abantwana abongeziweyo nge-DHA babonisa ukuphuculwa kokufundwa kolwimi nobuchule bokupela(Da lton et a l., Prostaglandins Leukot. Esent. Amafutha. Iiasidi 2009).

Nangona iziphumo zokuncedisa i-DHA ngexesha lokukhula zingaqinisekanga, izifundo phakathi kolutsha oluneminyaka ekholejini lubonise ukuba ukuncedisa i-DHA kwiiveki ezine kunokuphucula ukufunda kunye nememori (Karr et al., Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2012). Kubemi abaneenkumbulo ezimbi okanye isizungu, ukuxhaswa kwe-DHA kunokuphucula imemori ye-episodic (Yurko-Mauro et al., PLoS ONE 2015; Jaremka et al., Psychosom. Med. 2014)

Ukongezelela i-DHA kubantu abadala abadala kunceda ukonyusa amandla okuqonda kunye nokukhumbula. Umba ongwevu, obekwe kumphezulu ongaphandle we-cortex yobuchopho, uxhasa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yengqondo kunye nokuziphatha kwengqondo, kunye nokuveliswa kweemvakalelo kunye nokuqonda. Nangona kunjalo, umthamo wegrey uyancipha ngokukhula, kwaye uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative kunye nokudumba kwiinkqubo ze-nervous kunye ne-immune nazo ziyanda ngokukhula. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuncedisa i-DHA kunokunyusa okanye ukugcina umthamo wegrey kunye nokuphucula imemori kunye nobuchule bokuqonda (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Njengoko iminyaka ihambela phambili, inkumbulo iyehla, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwisifo sengqondo esiyingozi. Ezinye iipathologies zobuchopho zinokukhokelela kwisifo sika-Alzheimer, uhlobo lwesifo sengqondo esiyingozi kubantu abadala. Izifundo ezininzi zibonisa ukuba ukongezwa kwansuku zonke kwe-200 milligrams ye-DHA kunokuphucula ukukhula kwengqondo okanye ukugula kwengqondo. Okwangoku, akukho bungqina obucacileyo bokusetyenziswa kwe-DHA ekuphatheni isifo se-Alzheimer, kodwa iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba ukuxhaswa kwe-DHA kunempembelelo ethile efanelekileyo ekukhuseleni isifo se-Alzheimer (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

I-DHA kunye neMpilo yamehlo

Uphando kwiigundane lufumene ukuba ukusilela kwe-retinal DHA, nokuba kungenxa yezizathu zokudibanisa okanye zothutho, kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nokukhubazeka okubonakalayo. Izigulane ezine-macular degeneration ezinxulumene neminyaka, isifo seswekile-enxulumene ne-retinopathy, kunye ne-retinal pigment dystrophies banamazinga aphantsi e-DHA egazini labo. Nangona kunjalo, akukacaci ukuba oku kungunobangela okanye sisiphumo. Izifundo zeklinikhi okanye zemouse ezincedisa i-DHA okanye ezinye i-polyunsaturated fatty acids ezide zikhokelele kwisigqibo esicacileyo (i-Swinkels kunye ne-Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics). Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-retina ityebile kwi-acid-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, kunye ne-DHA eyona nto iphambili, i-DHA ibalulekile kwimpilo yamehlo eqhelekileyo yabantu (i-Swinkels kunye ne-Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics; Li et al., Inzululwazi yokuTya kunye neSondlo ).

I-DHA kunye neMpilo ye-Cardiovascular

Ukuqokelelwa kwee-acids ezinamafutha kuyingozi kwimpilo ye-cardiovascular, ngelixa i-unsaturated fatty acids iluncedo. Nangona kukho iingxelo zokuba i-DHA ikhuthaza impilo ye-cardiovascular health, uphando oluninzi lubonisa ukuba iziphumo ze-DHA kwimpilo ye-cardiovascular health ayicacanga. Ngokwemigaqo ehambelanayo, i-EPA idlala indima ebalulekileyo (uSherrat et al., Cardiovasc Res 2024). Nangona kunjalo, i-American Heart Association incoma ukuba izigulane ze-coronary heart disease zongeze i-1 gram ye-EPA + DHA imihla ngemihla (Siscovick et al., 2017, Circulation).