DHA ke eng?

DHA ke docosahexaenoic acid, e leng ea omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Setšoantšo sa 1). Ke hobane'ng ha e bitsoa OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid? Ntlha ea pele, ketane ea eona ea acid e mafura e na le li-bond tse peli tse unsaturated tse 6; ea bobeli, OMEGA ke lengolo la 24 le la ho qetela la Segerike. Kaha setlamo sa ho qetela sa unsaturated ka har'a ketane ea acid e mafura e fumaneha ho athomo ea boraro ea carbon ho tloha qetellong ea methyl, e bitsoa OMEGA-3, e etsang hore e be OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Dtlhahiso le mokhoa oa DHA

Ho feta halofo ea boima ba kutu ea boko ke lipid, e ruileng ka OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, DHA e nka 90% ea OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids le 10-20% ea kakaretso ea lipids bokong. EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) le ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) li etsa karolo e nyane feela. DHA ke karolo ea mantlha ea li-membrane tsa lipid tse fapaneng, joalo ka li-neuronal synapses, endoplasmic reticulum, le mitochondria. Ho feta moo, DHA e kenyelelitsoe phetisong ea lets'oao la membrane-mediated cell, polelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, tokiso ea neural oxidative, ka hona e hokahanya nts'etsopele ea boko le ts'ebetso. Ka hona, e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho nts'etsopele ea boko, phetisetso ea methapo, mohopolo, tsebo, joalo-joalo (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Lisele tsa photoreceptor tse karolong e nkang lifoto tsa retina li ruile ka li-polyunsaturated fatty acids, 'me DHA e nka karolo e fetang 50% ea li-polyunsaturated fatty acids (Yeboah et al., 2021 Journal of Lipid Research; Calder, 2016 Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism). DHA ke karolo e ka sehloohong ea li-acid tse mafura tse se nang mafura a mangata liseleng tsa photoreceptor, tse kenyang letsoho kahong ea lisele tsena, hammoho le ho buisana ka phetisetso ea matšoao a pono le ho ntlafatsa bophelo ba lisele ho arabela khatellong ea oxidative (Swinkels and Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics).

DHA le Bophelo bo Botle ba Batho

Karolo ea DHA ho Nts'etsopele ea Boko, Tsebo, Mehopolo, le Maikutlo a Boitšoaro.

Tsoelo-pele ea lobe e ka pele ea boko e susumetsoa haholo ke phepelo ea DHA(Goustard-Langelie 1999 Lipids), e amang bokhoni ba kelello, ho kenyelletsa ho tsepamisa maikutlo, ho etsa liqeto, hammoho le maikutlo le boitšoaro ba motho. Ka hona, ho boloka maemo a phahameng a DHA ha ho bohlokoa feela bakeng sa kholo ea boko nakong ea bokhachane le bocha, empa hape ho bohlokoa bakeng sa temoho le boitšoaro ho batho ba baholo. Halofo ea DHA bokong ba lesea e tsoa ho bokelleng ha DHA ea 'm'a nakong ea bokhachane, ha lesea le ja DHA letsatsi le letsatsi ka makhetlo a 5 ho feta la motho e moholo.(Bourre, J. Nutr. Botsofali ba Bophelo bo Botle ba 2006; McNamara et al., Prostaglandins Leukot. Esent. Mafura. Acids 2006). Ka hona ho bohlokoa ho fumana DHA e lekaneng nakong ea bokhachane le lesea. Ho khothalletsoa hore bo-'mè ba tlatse ka 200 mg ea DHA ka letsatsi nakong ea bokhachane le ho anyesa(Koletzko et al., J. Perinat. Med.2008; European Food Safety Authority, EFSA J. 2010). Liphuputso tse fapaneng li bontšitse hore tlatsetso ea DHA nakong ea bokhachane e eketsa boima ba pelehi le bolelele(Makrides et al, Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2006), ha e ntse e matlafatsa bokhoni ba kelello bongoaneng(Helland et al., Lingaka tsa Bana 2003).

Ho tlatselletsa ka DHA nakong ea ho anyesa ho ntlafatsa puo ea matsoho(Meldrum et al., Br. J. Nutr. 2012), ho matlafatsa kholo ea kelello ea masea, le ho eketsa IQ(Drover et a l., Early Hum. Dev.2011; Cohen Am. J. E fetileng Med. 2005). Bana ba tlatselletsoang ka DHA ba bontša bokhoni bo ntlafetseng ba ho ithuta puo le mopeleto(Da lton et a l., Prostaglandins Leukot. Esent. Mafura. Acids 2009).

Le hoja liphello tsa ho tlatsetsa DHA nakong ea batho ba baholo li sa tsitsa, lithuto tsa bacha ba lilemong tsa koleche li bontšitse hore ho tlatsetsa DHA bakeng sa libeke tse 'nè ho ka ntlafatsa ho ithuta le ho hopola (Karr et al., Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2012). Ho batho ba nang le mohopolo o fokolang kapa bolutu, tlatsetso ea DHA e ka ntlafatsa mohopolo oa episodic (Yurko-Mauro et al., PLoS ONE 2015; Jaremka et al., Psychosom. Med. 2014)

Ho tlatselletsa DHA ho batho ba baholo ba baholo ho thusa ho eketsa bokhoni ba kelello le mohopolo. Grey taba, e ka holim'a bokantle ba cortex ea boko, e tšehetsa mesebetsi e sa tšoaneng ea kelello le boitšoaro bokong, hammoho le moloko oa maikutlo le kelello. Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba lintho tse bohlooho bo fokotseha ka lilemo, 'me khatello ea oxidative le ho ruruha tsamaisong ea methapo le ea ho itšireletsa mafung le tsona li eketseha ka lilemo. Lipatlisiso li bontša hore tlatsetso ea DHA e ka eketsa kapa ea boloka molumo oa taba e bohlooho le ho ntlafatsa mohopolo le bokhoni ba kelello (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Ha lilemo li ntse li tsoela pele, mohopolo oa fokotseha, e leng se ka lebisang ho 'dementia'. Likokoana-hloko tse ling tsa boko le tsona li ka lebisa ho lefu la Alzheimer, mofuta oa 'dementia' ho batho ba hōlileng. Liphuputso tse 'maloa li fana ka maikutlo a hore tlatsetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea limiligrama tse fetang 200 tsa DHA e ka ntlafatsa nts'etsopele ea kelello kapa 'dementia'. Hona joale, ha ho na bopaki bo hlakileng ba tšebeliso ea DHA ho phekola lefu la Alzheimer, empa liphello tsa liteko li bontša hore tlatsetso ea DHA e na le phello e itseng e ntle ho thibela lefu la Alzheimer (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

DHA le Bophelo bo Botle ba Mahlo

Lipatlisiso ho litoeba li fumane hore khaello ea retinal DHA, ebang ke ka lebaka la ho kopanya kapa mabaka a lipalangoang, e amana haufi-ufi le ho senyeha ha pono. Bakuli ba nang le bothata ba macular degeneration e amanang le lilemo, lefu la tsoekere le amanang le lefu la tsoekere, le retinal pigment dystrophies ba na le maemo a tlase a DHA maling a bona. Leha ho le joalo, ho ntse ho sa hlaka hore na sena ke sesosa kapa sephetho. Lithuto tsa bongaka kapa tsa mouse tse tlatselletsang DHA kapa li-acid tse ling tse telele tsa polyunsaturated fatty acid ha li e-so lebise qeto e hlakileng (Swinkels and Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics). Leha ho le joalo, kaha retina e na le li-acid tse telele tsa polyunsaturated tse mafura, 'me DHA e le eona karolo ea mantlha, DHA e bohlokoa bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba mahlo a batho (Swinkels and Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics; Li et al., Saense ea Lijo & Phepo ).

DHA le bophelo bo botle ba pelo

Ho bokella mafura a mafura a mangata ho kotsi ho bophelo bo botle ba pelo, athe unsaturated mafura acid a le molemo. Le hoja ho na le litlaleho tsa hore DHA e khothalletsa bophelo bo botle ba pelo, liphuputso tse ngata li boetse li bontša hore liphello tsa DHA ho bophelo bo botle ba pelo ha li hlake. Ka mantsoe a mang, EPA e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa (Sherrat et al., Cardiovasc Res 2024). Leha ho le joalo, American Heart Association e khothalletsa hore bakuli ba lefu la pelo ba tlatse ka 1 gram ea EPA + DHA letsatsi le leng le le leng (Siscovick et al., 2017, Circulation).