Chii chinonzi DHA?

DHA ndeye docosahexaenoic acid, iyo ndeye omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Mufananidzo 1). Nei ichinzi OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid? Chekutanga, mafuta ayo asidhi cheni ine 6 unsaturated kaviri zvisungo; chechipiri, OMEGA ibhii rechimakumi maviri neina uye rokupedzisira rechiGiriki. Sezvo yekupedzisira unsaturated mbiri chisungo mufatty acid cheni iri pane yechitatu kabhoni atomu kubva kumagumo emethyl, inonzi OMEGA-3, ichiiita OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Dkugovera uye nzira yeDHA

Inopfuura hafu yehuremu hwehunde hwehuropi ilipid, yakapfuma muOMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, ine DHA inotora 90% yeOMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids uye 10-20% yehuropi hwese lipids. EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) uye ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) inongoumba chikamu chidiki. DHA ndiyo chikamu chikuru cheakasiyana membrane lipid zvimiro, senge neuronal synapses, endoplasmic reticulum, uye mitochondria. Pamusoro pezvo, DHA inobatanidzwa musero membrane-mediated signal transduction, gene expression, neural oxidative repair, nekudaro kuronga kukura kwehuropi uye basa. Nokudaro, inobata basa rinokosha mukukura kwehuropi, neural transmission, memory, cognition, etc. (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Maseru ephotoreceptor ari muchikamu chephotosensitive che retina akapfuma mu polyunsaturated fatty acids, ane DHA accounting inopfuura 50% ye polyunsaturated fatty acids (Yeboah et al., 2021 Journal yeLipid Research; Calder, 2016 Annals yeNutrition & Metabolism). DHA ndiyo chikamu chikuru cheyakanyanya unsaturated fatty acids mumasero ephotoreceptor, kutora chikamu mukuvaka kwemasero aya, pamwe nekuyananisa kutapurirana kwechiratidzo chekuona uye kuwedzera kupona kwesero mukupindura kushushikana kweiyo oxidative (Swinkels uye Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics).

DHA uye Hutano Hwevanhu

Basa reDHA muKukura Kwehuropi, Cognition, Memory, uye Behavioral Emotion.

Kuvandudzwa kwerobe yepamberi yehuropi kunonyanya kukanganiswa neDHA kupa(Goustard-Langelie 1999 Lipids), kukanganisa kugona kwekuziva, kusanganisira kutarisa, kuita sarudzo, pamwe nemanzwiro uye maitiro evanhu. Naizvozvo, kuchengetedza yakakwira mazinga eDHA hakungokosha chete mukukura kwehuropi panguva yekuzvitakura uye kuyaruka, asi zvakare kwakakosha pakuziva uye maitiro muvakuru. Hafu yeDHA iri muuropi hwemucheche inobva mukuungana kweDHA yaamai panguva yekuzvitakura, nepo mucheche anonwa zuva nezuva DHA kakapetwa ka5 pane yemunhu mukuru.(Bourre, J. Nutr. Health Kuchembera 2006; McNamara et al., Prostaglandins Leukot. Esent. Mafuta. Acids 2006). Saka zvakakosha kuwana DHA yakakwana panguva yekuzvitakura uye muhucheche. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vanaamai vawedzere ne200 mg yeDHA pazuva panguva yekuzvitakura nekuyamwisa(Koletzko et al., J. Perinat. Med.2008; European Food Safety Authority, EFSA J. 2010). Zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaratidza kuti DHA yekuwedzera panguva yekuzvitakura inowedzera uremu hwekuzvarwa uye kureba(Makrides et al, Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2006), ukuwo uchiwedzera kugona kwekuziva muhuduku(Helland et al., Pediatrics 2003).

Kuwedzera neDHA panguva yekuyamwisa kunowedzera mutauro wekutaura (Meldrum et al., Br. J. Nutr. 2012), kunosimudzira kukura kwenjere dzemucheche, uye kunowedzera IQ(Drover et a l., Early Hum. Dev.2011); Cohen Am. J. Prev. Med. 2005). Vana vanowedzerwa neDHA vanoratidza kuvandudzwa kwekudzidza mutauro uye kugona zviperengo(Da lton et a l., Prostaglandins Leukot. Esent. Mafuta. Acids 2009).

Kunyange zvazvo migumisiro yekuwedzera DHA panguva yekukura haina chokwadi, zvidzidzo pakati pevechidiki vekoroji zvakaratidza kuti kuwedzera DHA kwemavhiki mana kunogona kuwedzera kudzidza nekuyeuka (Karr et al., Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2012). Muvanhu vane ndangariro dzisina kunaka kana kusurukirwa, DHA yekuwedzera inogona kuvandudza episodic memory (Yurko-Mauro et al., PLoS ONE 2015; Jaremka et al., Psychosom. Med. 2014)

Kuwedzera DHA muvakuru vakuru kunobatsira kuwedzera kugona uye ndangariro. Grey nyaya, iri pamusoro pekunze kwehuropi cortex, inotsigira akasiyana ekuziva uye maitiro ekuita muuropi, pamwe nechizvarwa chemanzwiro uye kuziva. Nekudaro, grey vhoriyamu inodzikira nezera, uye oxidative kusagadzikana uye kuzvimba mutsinga uye immune system inowedzerawo nezera. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti kuwedzera DHA kunogona kuwedzera kana kuchengetedza grey vhoriyamu uye kuwedzera ndangariro uye kugona kwekuziva (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Sezvo zera rinofambira mberi, ndangariro dzinodzikira, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kudementia. Zvimwe zvirwere zvehuropi zvinogonawo kutungamirira kuchirwere cheAlzheimer, chimiro chekushaya pfungwa kune vakwegura. Ongororo dzinoverengeka dzinoratidza kuti kuwedzererwa kwezuva nezuva kweanopfuura 200 milligrams yeDHA kunogona kuvandudza kukura kwenjere kana dementia. Parizvino, hapana humbowo hwakajeka hwekushandiswa kweDHA mukurapa chirwere cheAlzheimer, asi mhedzisiro yekuyedza inoratidza kuti DHA yekuwedzera ine chimwe chinhu chakanaka mukudzivirira chirwere cheAlzheimer (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

DHA uye Utano hweZiso

Tsvagiridzo mumakonzo yakawana kuti kushomeka kweretinal DHA, kungave nekuda kweiyo synthesis kana zvikonzero zvekufambisa, yakabatana zvakanyanya nekusaona. Varwere vane zera-ane hukama macular degeneration, chirwere cheshuga-chakabatana neretinopathy, uye retinal pigment dystrophies vane yakaderera DHA mazinga muropa ravo. Nekudaro, hazvisati zvanyatsojeka kana ichi chiri chikonzero kana mhedzisiro. Zvidzidzo zvekiriniki kana mbeva zvinowedzera DHA kana imwe refu-cheni polyunsaturated fatty acids haisati yatungamira kumhedziso yakajeka (Swinkels uye Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics). Zvakadaro, nekuti iyo retina yakapfuma mu-refu-cheni polyunsaturated fatty acids, iine DHA iri iyo chikamu chikuru, DHA yakakosha kune yakajairika yeziso hutano hwevanhu (Swinkels and Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics; Li et al., Chikafu Sayenzi & Nutrition ).

DHA uye Cardiovascular Health

Kuunganidzwa kweakazara mafuta acids kunokanganisa hutano hwemoyo, nepo unsaturated fatty acids inobatsira. Kunyangwe paine mishumo yekuti DHA inokurudzira hutano hwemoyo, zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvinoratidzawo kuti mhedzisiro yeDHA pahutano hwemoyo haina kujeka. Mune mamwe mazwi, EPA inoita basa rakakosha (Sherrat et al., Cardiovasc Res 2024). Zvakangodaro, iyo American Heart Association inokurudzira kuti varwere vane chirwere chemoyo vawedzere ne1 gramu yeEPA + DHA zuva nezuva (Siscovick et al., 2017, Circulation).