DHA ni iki?

DHA ni aside ya dososahexaenoic, ikaba ari omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acide (Ishusho 1).Kuki byitwa aside ya OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated acide?Ubwa mbere, urunigi rwa aside irike ifite imigozi 6 idahagije;kabiri, OMEGA ni inyuguti ya 24 kandi yanyuma yikigereki.Kubera ko ubucuti bwa nyuma butuzuye bwuzuye mumurongo wa acide ya fatty iherereye kuri atome ya karubone ya gatatu uhereye kumpera ya methyl, yitwa OMEGA-3, ikagira OMEGA-3 aside irike ya polyunzure.

Dgutanga hamwe nuburyo bwa DHA

Kurenga kimwe cya kabiri cyuburemere bwurwego rwubwonko ni lipide, ikungahaye kuri acide ya OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acide, DHA ifata 90% ya OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acide na 10-20% bya lipide zose zubwonko.EPA (acide eicosapentaenoic) na ALA (aside alpha-linolenic) bigize igice gito gusa.DHA nigice cyingenzi cyimiterere ya lipide itandukanye, nka synapses ya neuronal, reticulum endoplasmic, na mitochondria.Byongeye kandi, DHA igira uruhare mu kwanduza ibimenyetso bya selile, guhuza imvugo, gusana imitsi, bityo bigahuza ubwonko n'imikorere.Kubwibyo, igira uruhare runini mugutezimbere ubwonko, kwanduza imitsi, kwibuka, kumenya, nibindi (Weiser et al., 2016 Intungamubiri).

Utugingo ngengabuzima twa Photoreceptor mu gice cyifotora cya retina gikungahaye kuri aside irike ya polyunsaturated, hamwe na DHA ifite ibice birenga 50% bya aside irike ya polyunzure (Yeboah et al., 2021 Journal of Lipid Research; Calder, 2016 Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism).DHA nicyo kintu cyibanze cyamavuta acide adahagije muri selile ya fotoreceptor, agira uruhare mukubaka izo selile, ndetse no muguhuza ibimenyetso byerekana amashusho no kongera ubuzima bwimikorere ya selile bitewe na stress ya okiside (Swinkels na Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics).

DHA n'ubuzima bwa muntu

Uruhare rwa DHA mugutezimbere ubwonko, Kumenya, Kwibuka, no Kumarangamutima

Iterambere ryimbere yubwonko riterwa cyane no gutanga DHA(Goustard-Langelie 1999 Lipide), bigira ingaruka kubushobozi bwo kumenya, harimo kwibanda, gufata ibyemezo, kimwe n'amarangamutima n'imyitwarire ya muntu.Kubwibyo, gukomeza urwego rwo hejuru rwa DHA ntabwo ari ingenzi cyane mu mikurire yubwonko mugihe cyo gutwita no mu bwangavu, ariko kandi ni ngombwa mu kumenya no kwitwara ku bantu bakuru.Kimwe cya kabiri cya DHA mu bwonko bw'uruhinja ruva mu kwegeranya kwa DHA ya nyina igihe atwite, mu gihe uruhinja rufata buri munsi DHA rwikubye inshuro 5 uw'umuntu mukuru(Bourre, J. Nutr.Gusaza k'ubuzima 2006; McNamara n'abandi, Prostaglandins Leukot.Icyangombwa.Ibinure.Acide 2006).Ni ngombwa rero kubona DHA ihagije mugihe cyo gutwita no kuvuka.Birasabwa ko ababyeyi bongeraho mg 200 za DHA kumunsi mugihe batwite kandi bonsa(Koletzko n'abandi, J. Perinat.Med.2008; Ikigo cy’Uburayi gishinzwe umutekano mu biribwa, EFSA J. 2010).Ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwerekanye ko inyongera ya DHA mugihe utwite yongera ibiro n'uburebure(Makrides nibindi, Cochrane Ububiko Bwuzuye Syst Rev.2006), mugihe kandi uzamura ubushobozi bwubwenge mubwana(Helland n'abandi, Indwara z'abana 2003).

Kuzuza DHA mugihe cyo konsa bikungahaza imvugo yerekana ibimenyetso (Meldrum et al., Br. J. Nutr. 2012), byongera iterambere ryubwenge bwabana, kandi byongera IQ (Drover et a l., Early Hum. Dev.2011; Cohen Am.J. Ibanza.Med.2005).Abana bongerewe na DHA berekana uburyo bwiza bwo kwiga ururimi nubushobozi bwo kwandika(Da lton et l., Prostaglandins Leukot.Icyangombwa.Ibinure.Acide 2009).

Nubwo ingaruka zo kuzuza DHA mugihe cyo gukura zidashidikanywaho, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu rubyiruko rukuze muri kaminuza bwerekanye ko kuzuza DHA ibyumweru bine bishobora kongera imyigire no kwibuka (Karr et al., Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2012).Mubantu bafite kwibuka nabi cyangwa kwigunga, inyongera ya DHA irashobora kunoza kwibuka episodic (Yurko-Mauro et al., PLOS ONE 2015; Jaremka et al., Psychosom. Med. 2014)

Kuzuza DHA mubantu bakuze bifasha kongera ubushobozi bwo kumenya no kwibuka.Imvi zijimye, ziri hejuru yinyuma yubwonko bwubwonko, zunganira ibikorwa bitandukanye byubwenge nubwimyitwarire mubwonko, ndetse no kubyara amarangamutima nubwenge.Nyamara, ibara ryimyenda igabanuka uko imyaka igenda ishira, kandi guhangayikishwa na okiside hamwe no gutwika mumyanya mitsi ndetse nubudahangarwa bw'umubiri nabyo byiyongera uko imyaka igenda ishira.Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kuzuza DHA bishobora kongera cyangwa kugumana ingano yimvi no kongera ubushobozi nubushobozi bwo kumenya (Weiser et al., 2016 Intungamubiri).

Uko imyaka igenda ishira, kwibuka biragabanuka, bishobora gutera guta umutwe.Izindi ndwara zo mu bwonko nazo zirashobora gutera indwara ya Alzheimer, uburyo bwo guta umutwe mubasaza.Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekana ko kuzuza buri munsi miligarama zirenga 200 za DHA bishobora guteza imbere ubwenge cyangwa guta umutwe.Kugeza ubu, nta bimenyetso bifatika byerekana ikoreshwa rya DHA mu kuvura indwara ya Alzheimer, ariko ibisubizo by’ubushakashatsi byerekana ko inyongera ya DHA igira ingaruka nziza mu gukumira indwara ya Alzheimer (Weiser et al., Intungamubiri za 2016).

DHA n'Ubuzima bw'amaso

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku mbeba bwerekanye ko kubura DHA ya retina, biterwa na synthesis cyangwa impamvu zo gutwara, bifitanye isano rya bugufi no kutabona neza.Abarwayi bafite imitekerereze ya macula yatewe n'imyaka, retinopatie iterwa na diyabete, hamwe na dystrofiya ya pigment ya retinal bafite urugero rwa DHA mu maraso yabo.Ariko, ntibirasobanuka neza niba iyi ari impamvu cyangwa ibisubizo.Ubushakashatsi bwa Clinical cyangwa imbeba bwuzuza DHA cyangwa andi maremare maremare ya polyunsaturated fatty acide ntabwo bigera ku mwanzuro ugaragara (Swinkels na Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics).Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, kubera ko retina ikungahaye kuri aside irike ya polyunzure yuzuye, hamwe na DHA niyo ngingo nyamukuru, DHA ningirakamaro kubuzima busanzwe bwamaso yabantu (Swinkels na Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics; Li et al., Food Science & Nutrition ).

DHA n'Ubuzima bw'umutima

Kwiyongera kwa acide yuzuye ibinure byangiza ubuzima bwumutima nimiyoboro, mugihe aside irike idahagije ifite akamaro.Nubwo hari amakuru avuga ko DHA iteza imbere ubuzima bwumutima nimiyoboro y'amaraso, ubushakashatsi bwinshi burerekana kandi ko ingaruka za DHA ku buzima bw'umutima n'imitsi zidasobanutse.Ugereranije, EPA ifite uruhare runini (Sherrat et al., Cardiovasc Res 2024).Nubwo bimeze bityo, Ishyirahamwe ry’umutima ry’Abanyamerika rirasaba ko abarwayi b’indwara z'umutima bongeraho garama 1 ya EPA + DHA buri munsi (Siscovick et al., 2017, Circulation).