Kodi DHA ndi chiyani?

DHA ndi docosahexaenoic acid, yomwe ndi ya omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Chithunzi 1).Chifukwa chiyani amatchedwa OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated mafuta acid?Choyamba, unyolo wake wa asidi wamafuta uli ndi zomangira 6 zosagwirizana;chachiwiri, OMEGA ndi chilembo cha 24 komanso chomaliza cha Chigriki.Popeza chomangira chomaliza cha unsaturated pawiri mu unyolo wamafuta acid chili pa atomu yachitatu ya kaboni kuchokera kumapeto kwa methyl, imatchedwa OMEGA-3, ndikupangitsa kukhala OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Dkugawa ndi njira ya DHA

Kuposa theka la kulemera kwa tsinde laubongo ndi lipid, wolemera mu OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, pomwe DHA imatenga 90% ya OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ndi 10-20% ya lipids muubongo wonse.EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) ndi ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) amapanga gawo laling'ono.DHA ndiye gawo lalikulu lamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lipids, monga neuronal synapses, endoplasmic reticulum, ndi mitochondria.Kuphatikiza apo, DHA imakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa ma cell membrane-mediated signal, gene expression, neural oxidative kukonza, potero imagwirizanitsa kukula kwa ubongo ndi ntchito.Choncho, zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa ubongo, kufalitsa kwa neural, kukumbukira, kuzindikira, ndi zina zotero (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Ma cell a photoreceptor mu gawo la chithunzi cha retina ali ndi mafuta ambiri a polyunsaturated, omwe DHA amawerengera 50% yamafuta acids a polyunsaturated (Yeboah et al., 2021 Journal of Lipid Research; Calder, 2016 Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism).DHA ndiye gawo lalikulu lamafuta acids osakhazikika m'maselo a photoreceptor, kutenga nawo gawo pomanga ma cellwa, komanso kuyimira pakati pakusintha kwa ma siginecha komanso kupititsa patsogolo kupulumuka kwa ma cell poyankha kupsinjika kwa okosijeni (Swinkels ndi Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics).

DHA ndi Umoyo Wamunthu

Udindo wa DHA mu Kukula kwa Ubongo, Kuzindikira, Memory, ndi Makhalidwe Abwino

Kukula kwa lobe yakutsogolo kwa ubongo kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa DHA(Goustard-Langelie 1999 Lipids), kukhudza luso lachidziwitso, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana, kupanga zisankho, komanso malingaliro ndi khalidwe laumunthu.Chifukwa chake, kukhalabe ndi kuchuluka kwa DHA sikofunikira kokha kuti ubongo ukule panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati komanso unyamata, komanso ndikofunikira pakuzindikira komanso kuchita bwino kwa akulu.Theka la DHA mu ubongo wa khanda limachokera ku kuchuluka kwa DHA ya mayi pa nthawi yapakati, pamene khanda la khanda la DHA tsiku lililonse limaposa kasanu kuposa la munthu wamkulu.(Bourre, J. Nutr.Health Aging 2006; McNamara et al., Prostaglandins Leukot.Zofunika.Mafuta.Acids 2006).Choncho ndikofunikira kupeza DHA yokwanira panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati komanso ali wakhanda.Ndikoyenera kuti amayi aziwonjezera 200 mg ya DHA patsiku pa nthawi yapakati komanso yoyamwitsa(Koletzko et al., J. Perinat.Med.2008; European Food Safety Authority, EFSA J. 2010).Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana wasonyeza kuti DHA supplementation pa nthawi ya mimba imawonjezera kulemera kwa kubadwa ndi kutalika(Makrides et al, Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2006), komanso kukulitsa luso la kuzindikira muubwana(Helland et al., Pediatrics 2003).

Kuonjezera ndi DHA panthawi yoyamwitsa kumawonjezera chinenero (Meldrum et al., Br. J. Nutr. 2012), kumathandizira kukula kwa nzeru za makanda, ndikuwonjezera IQ(Drover et a l., Early Hum. Dev.2011); Cohen Am.J. Prev.Med.2005).Ana ophatikizidwa ndi DHA amawonetsa luso lophunzirira chilankhulo komanso kalembedwe(Da lton et a l., Prostaglandins Leukot.Zofunika.Mafuta.Acids 2009).

Ngakhale kuti zotsatira za kuwonjezera DHA pauchikulire sizidziwika bwino, kafukufuku pakati pa achinyamata a zaka zapakati pa koleji asonyeza kuti kuwonjezera DHA kwa milungu inayi kungapangitse kuphunzira ndi kukumbukira (Karr et al., Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2012).Pa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losakumbukira bwino kapena kusungulumwa, DHA supplementation imatha kusintha kukumbukira kwa episodic (Yurko-Mauro et al., PLoS ONE 2015; Jaremka et al., Psychosom. Med. 2014)

Kuonjezera DHA mwa okalamba kumathandiza kuonjezera luso la kulingalira ndi kukumbukira.Gray matter, yomwe ili kunja kwa kotekisi yaubongo, imathandizira zochitika zosiyanasiyana zamaganizidwe ndi machitidwe muubongo, komanso m'badwo wamalingaliro ndi kuzindikira.Komabe, kuchuluka kwa imvi kumachepa ndi zaka, ndipo kupsinjika kwa okosijeni ndi kutupa m'mitsempha yamanjenje ndi chitetezo chamthupi kumawonjezekanso ndi zaka.Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kuwonjezera DHA kumatha kukulitsa kapena kusunga kuchuluka kwa imvi ndikukulitsa kukumbukira komanso kuzindikira (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Pamene zaka zikupita, kukumbukira kumachepa, zomwe zingayambitse matenda a dementia.Matenda ena a muubongo amathanso kuyambitsa matenda a Alzheimer's, mtundu wa dementia mwa okalamba.Kafukufuku wambiri akuwonetsa kuti kuwonjezera tsiku lililonse kwa ma milligrams a 200 a DHA kumatha kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko chaluntha kapena dementia.Pakalipano, palibe umboni womveka bwino wogwiritsira ntchito DHA pochiza matenda a Alzheimer's, koma zotsatira zoyesera zimasonyeza kuti DHA supplementation ili ndi zotsatira zabwino popewa matenda a Alzheimer's (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

DHA ndi Eye Health

Kafukufuku wa mbewa wapeza kuti kuchepa kwa retina DHA, kaya chifukwa cha kaphatikizidwe kapena zoyendera, kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwamaso.Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto laukalamba la macular degeneration, shuga-associated retinopathy, ndi retinal pigment dystrophies amakhala ndi ma DHA otsika m'magazi awo.Komabe, sizikudziwikabe ngati izi ndi chifukwa kapena zotsatira zake.Maphunziro achipatala kapena a mbewa omwe akuwonjezera DHA kapena mafuta ena amtundu wautali wa polyunsaturated mafuta acids sanapereke chidziwitso chomveka bwino (Swinkels and Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics).Komabe, chifukwa retina imakhala ndi mafuta ambiri a polyunsaturated mafuta acids, ndipo DHA ndiye chigawo chachikulu, DHA ndiyofunikira kuti anthu azikhala ndi thanzi labwino la maso (Swinkels and Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics; Li et al., Food Science & Nutrition ).

DHA ndi Cardiovascular Health

Kuchulukana kwamafuta acids kumawononga thanzi la mtima, pomwe mafuta osatulutsidwa amakhala opindulitsa.Ngakhale pali malipoti oti DHA imalimbikitsa thanzi la mtima, kafukufuku wambiri amasonyezanso kuti zotsatira za DHA pa thanzi la mtima sizidziwika bwino.Mwachidule, EPA imatenga gawo lofunikira (Sherrat et al., Cardiovasc Res 2024).Komabe, American Heart Association imalimbikitsa kuti odwala matenda a mtima awonjezere 1 gramu ya EPA + DHA tsiku lililonse (Siscovick et al., 2017, Circulation).