Vesicles extracellular bụ endogenous nano vesicles zoro ezo site na mkpụrụ ndụ, nke nwere dayameta nke 30-200 nm, ọbọp na akpụkpọ anụ bilayer lipid, na-ebu nucleic acid, protein, lipids, na metabolites. Extracellular vesicles bụ isi ngwá ọrụ maka intercellular nkwurịta okwu na-ekere òkè na mgbanwe nke bekee n'etiti cell. Enwere ike izobe vesicles ndị ọzọ site na mkpụrụ ndụ dị iche iche n'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị na nke pathological, nke sitere na nhazi nke mkpụrụ ndụ lysosomal multivesicular n'ime sel. Mgbe njikọta nke akpụkpọ ahụ extracellular na mpụta nke sel multivesicular, a na-ahapụ ha n'ime matrix extracellular. N'ihi obere immunogenicity ya, mmetụta ndị na-adịghị egbu egbu, ikike ịchebe ike siri ike, na ikike ịgafe mgbochi ụbụrụ ọbara, a na-ewere ya dị ka onye nwere ike ibu ọgwụ. N'afọ 2013, e nyere ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị atọ tinyere aka na nyocha nke vesicles dị n'èzí ihe nrite Nobel na Physiology ma ọ bụ ọgwụ. Kemgbe ahụ, enweela ọtụtụ nyocha, ngwa, na ịzụ ahịa nke vesicles extracellular na agụmakwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ.

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Vesicles ndị ọzọ sitere na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ nwere ọgaranya na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ pụrụ iche, nwere obere olu, ma nwee ike ịbanye n'ime anụ ahụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha nwere ike ịgbanye ma banye ozugbo n'ime eriri afọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ginseng bubbles bara uru maka ọdịiche dị na cell cell n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ akwara, ebe ginger bubbles nwere ike ịhazi microbiota gut ma belata colitis. Microalgae bụ osisi kacha ochie nwere otu cell n'ụwa. Enwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụdị 300000 nke microalgae, nke na-ekesa n'oké osimiri, ọdọ mmiri, osimiri, ọzara, mbara ala, glaciers na ebe ndị ọzọ, nwere njirimara mpaghara pụrụ iche. N'ime mmalite evolushọn nke ijeri ụwa 3, microalgae enweela ike itolite dị ka otu mkpụrụ ndụ n'ụwa, nke nwere njikọ chiri anya na uto ha pụrụ iche na ike ịgwọ onwe ha.

Microalgae extracellular vesicles bụ ihe ọhụrụ biomedical na-arụ ọrụ nwere nchekwa dị elu na nkwụsi ike. Microalgae nwere uru nke usoro ihe ọkụkụ dị mfe na nke a na-achịkwa, ọnụ ala dị ala, uto ngwa ngwa, mkpụrụ vesicle dị elu, na injinia dị mfe na mmepụta nke vesicles extracellular. N'ime nnyocha ndị gara aga, a chọpụtara na microalgae extracellular vesicles na-abanye n'ime ya ngwa ngwa site na mkpụrụ ndụ. N'ụdị anụmanụ, a chọpụtara na a na-etinye ha ozugbo site na eriri afọ ma mee ka ha baa ọgaranya na anụ ahụ. Mgbe ịbanye na cytoplasm, ọ nwere ike ịdịgide ruo ọtụtụ ụbọchị, nke bara uru maka ntọhapụ ọgwụ na-adịte aka.

Na mgbakwunye, microalgae extracellular vesicles nwere ikike ibu ọtụtụ ọgwụ, melite nkwụsi ike nke mkpụrụ ndụ ndụ, ntọhapụ na-adịgide adịgide, ngbanwe ọnụ, na dozie ihe mgbochi nnyefe ọgwụ dị ugbu a. Ya mere, mmepe nke microalgae extracellular vesicles nwere nnukwu ohere na nsụgharị ụlọ ọgwụ na mmepụta ihe.