Kedu ihe bụ DHA?

DHA bụ docosahexaenoic acid, nke bụ nke omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Fig 1). Kedu ihe kpatara eji akpọ ya OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid? Nke mbụ, yinye acid fatty ya nwere nkekọ abụọ na-adịghị mma 6; nke abụọ, OMEGA bụ mkpụrụedemede Greek nke iri abụọ na anọ na nke ikpeazụ. Ebe ọ bụ na njikọ abụọ na-adịghị mma nke ikpeazụ na yinye acid fatty dị na carbon atom nke atọ sitere na njedebe methyl, a na-akpọ ya OMEGA-3, na-eme ya OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Dnkesa na usoro nke DHA

Ihe karịrị ọkara nke arọ ụbụrụ ụbụrụ bụ lipid, ọgaranya na OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, na DHA nwere 90% nke OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids na 10-20% nke mkpokọta ụbụrụ ụbụrụ. EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) na ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) mejupụtara obere akụkụ. DHA bụ akụkụ bụ isi nke akụkụ dị iche iche nke lipid membrane, dị ka neuronal synapses, endoplasmic reticulum, na mitochondria. Na mgbakwunye, DHA na-etinye aka na ntụgharị mgbama mgbasa ozi nke cell membrane, okwu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nrụzi oxidative neural, si otú a na-ahazi mmepe na ọrụ ụbụrụ. Ya mere, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepe ụbụrụ, nnyefe akwara, ebe nchekwa, cognition, wdg (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Mkpụrụ ndụ fotoreceptor dị na akụkụ foto nke retina bara ụba na polyunsaturated fatty acids, yana DHA na-aza ihe karịrị 50% nke polyunsaturated fatty acids (Yeboah et al., 2021 Journal of Lipid Research; Calder, 2016 Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism). DHA bụ akụkụ bụ isi nke nnukwu fatty acids na sel photoreceptor, na-ekere òkè na owuwu nke mkpụrụ ndụ ndị a, yana n'ịgbazigharị ntụgharị mgbaàmà anya na ịkwalite ndụ cell na nzaghachi nke nrụgide oxidative (Swinkels and Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics).

DHA na ahụike mmadụ

Ọrụ DHA na mmepe ụbụrụ, ọgụgụ isi, ebe nchekwa, na mmetụta omume

Mmepe nke ihu ihu nke ụbụrụ na-emetụta nke ukwuu site na ọkọnọ DHA(Goustard-Langelie 1999 Lipids), na-emetụta ikike ọgụgụ isi, gụnyere itinye uche, ime mkpebi, yana mmetụta na omume mmadụ. Ya mere, ịnọgide na-enwe ọkwa dị elu nke DHA abụghị naanị ihe dị mkpa maka mmepe ụbụrụ n'oge ime na oge uto, kamakwa ọ dị mkpa maka cognition na omume na ndị okenye. Ọkara DHA dị n'ụbụrụ nwa ọhụrụ na-abịa site na nchịkọta DHA nke nne n'oge ime ime, ebe ihe nwa ọhụrụ na-eri DHA kwa ụbọchị ji okpukpu ise karịa nke okenye.(Bourre, J. Nutr. Ahụike ịka nká 2006; McNamara et al., Prostaglandins Leukot. Mkpa. Abụba. Acids 2006). Ya mere, ọ dị mkpa ịnweta DHA zuru oke n'oge ime na nwa ọhụrụ. A na-atụ aro ka ndị nne tinye 200 mg DHA kwa ụbọchị n'oge ime na nwa ara(Koletzko et al., J. Perinat. Med.2008; Ndị na-ahụ maka nchekwa nri nke Europe, EFSA J. 2010). Nnyocha dị iche iche egosila na mgbakwunye DHA n'oge ime ime na-abawanye ibu ọmụmụ na ogologo oge(Makrides et al, Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2006), ebe ọ na-akwalitekwa ikike nghọta na nwata(Helland et al., Pediatrics 2003).

Ịgbakwunye DHA n'oge ị na-enye nwa ara na-eme ka asụsụ gestural dịkwuo mma (Meldrum et al., Br. J. Nutr. 2012), na-eme ka ọganihu ọgụgụ isi nwa ọhụrụ dịkwuo elu, ma na-abawanye IQ(Drover et al.,Early Hum. Dev.2011); Cohen Am. J. Prev. Med. 2005). Ụmụaka ejiri DHA gbakwunyere na-egosi nkwalite mmụta asụsụ na ikike mkpoputa(Da lton et al., Prostaglandins Leukot. Mkpa. Abụba. Acids 2009).

Ọ bụ ezie na mmetụta nke ịgbakwunye DHA n'oge dimkpa bụ ihe a na-ejighị n'aka, nchọpụta n'etiti ndị ntorobịa na-eto eto na mahadum egosiwo na ịgbakwunye DHA maka izu anọ nwere ike ịkwalite mmụta na ebe nchekwa (Karr et al., Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2012). N'ime ndị mmadụ na-enweghị ebe nchekwa ma ọ bụ owu ọmụma, DHA supplementation nwere ike melite episodic ebe nchekwa (Yurko-Mauro et al., PLoS ONE 2015; Jaremka et al., Psychosom. Med. 2014)

Ịgbakwunye DHA na ndị toro eto na-enyere aka ịbawanye ikike ọgụgụ isi na ebe nchekwa. Ihe isi awọ, nke dị n'elu elu nke ụbụrụ ụbụrụ, na-akwado iche iche echiche na omume omume na ụbụrụ, yana ọgbọ nke mmetụta uche na nsụhọ. Otú ọ dị, ụda isi awọ na-ebelata ka ọ na-eto eto, na nrụgide oxidative na mbufụt nke ụjọ na usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ na-abawanyekwa na afọ. Nnyocha na-egosi na ịgbakwunye DHA nwere ike ịbawanye ma ọ bụ jikwaa olu isi awọ ma kwalite ebe nchekwa na ikike ọgụgụ isi (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Ka afọ na-aga n'ihu, ebe nchekwa na-ebelata, nke nwere ike ibute mgbaka. Ọrịa ụbụrụ ndị ọzọ nwekwara ike ibute ọrịa Alzheimer, ụdị mgbaka na ndị agadi. Ọtụtụ ọmụmụ na-atụ aro na mgbakwunye kwa ụbọchị nke ihe karịrị 200 milligrams nke DHA nwere ike imeziwanye mmepe ọgụgụ isi ma ọ bụ nkwarụ. Ugbu a, enweghi ihe akaebe doro anya maka iji DHA na-agwọ ọrịa Alzheimer, mana nsonaazụ nnwale na-egosi na mgbakwunye DHA nwere mmetụta dị mma n'igbochi ọrịa Alzheimer (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

DHA na ahụike anya

Nnyocha na ụmụ oke achọpụtala na ụkọ retinal DHA, ma ọ bụ n'ihi njikọ ma ọ bụ ihe kpatara njem, nwere njikọ chiri anya na adịghị ahụ anya. Ndị na-arịa ọrịa macular degeneration metụtara afọ, retinopathy metụtara ọrịa shuga, na retinal pigmenti dystrophy nwere ọkwa DHA dị ala n'ọbara ha. Agbanyeghị, amabeghị ma nke a bụ ihe kpatara ya ma ọ bụ nsonaazụ. Ọmụmụ ụlọ ọgwụ ma ọ bụ òké na-agbakwunye DHA ma ọ bụ acid fatty polyunsaturated ogologo yinye edugabeghị na nkwubi okwu doro anya (Swinkels and Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics). Ka o sina dị, n'ihi na retina bara ụba na acid fatty polyunsaturated nwere ogologo agbụ, yana DHA bụ isi ihe mejupụtara ya, DHA dị oke mkpa maka ahụike anya nkịtị nke mmadụ (Swinkels and Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics; Li et al., Science Food & Nutrition). ).

DHA na ahụike obi

Ịchịkọta acids fatty jupụtara na-emebi ahụ ike obi, ebe abụba na-adịghị mma na-aba uru. Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere akụkọ na DHA na-akwalite ahụ ike nke obi, ọtụtụ nnyocha na-egosikwa na mmetụta DHA na ahụike obi adịghị edozi. N'okwu ndị ikwu, EPA na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa (Sherrat et al., Cardiovasc Res 2024). Ka o sina dị, Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Obi America na-atụ aro ka ndị ọrịa obi na-arịa ọrịa obi na-agbakwụnye na gram 1 nke EPA + DHA kwa ụbọchị (Siscovick et al., 2017, Circulation).