Extracellular vesicles yog endogenous nano vesicles secreted los ntawm cov hlwb, nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 30-200 nm, qhwv nyob rau hauv lipid bilayer membrane, nqa nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, thiab metabolites. Extracellular vesicles yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas lus intercellular thiab koom nrog kev sib pauv ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm cov hlwb. Extracellular vesicles tuaj yeem tso tawm los ntawm ntau lub hlwb nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj thiab cov kab mob pathological, feem ntau yog los ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob ntau yam lysosomal hauv cov hlwb. Tom qab fusion ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg extracellular thiab txheej membrane ntawm multivesicular hlwb, lawv raug tso tawm mus rau hauv lub extracellular matrix. Vim nws cov immunogenicity tsawg, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, muaj zog lub hom phiaj, thiab muaj peev xwm hla cov ntshav-hlwb barrier, nws yog suav hais tias yog ib tug muaj peev xwm muab tshuaj. Xyoo 2013, Nobel Prize hauv Physiology lossis Tshuaj tau muab tsub rau peb tus kws tshawb fawb koom nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov hlwv sab nraud. Txij thaum ntawd los, tau muaj nthwv dej ntawm kev tshawb fawb, kev siv, thiab kev lag luam ntawm cov vesicles extracellular hauv ob qho tib si kev kawm thiab kev lag luam.

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Extracellular vesicles los ntawm cov nroj tsuag hlwb yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb active cov khoom xyaw, muaj ib tug me me ntim, thiab muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg. Feem ntau ntawm lawv tuaj yeem noj thiab ncaj qha absorbed rau hauv txoj hnyuv. Piv txwv li, ginseng npuas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov qia cell sib txawv rau hauv cov hlab ntsha hlwb, thaum cov ginger npuas tuaj yeem tswj cov plab hnyuv microbiota thiab txo colitis. Microalgae yog cov nroj tsuag qub tshaj plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb. Muaj ze li ntawm 300000 hom microalgae, dav dav hauv dej hiav txwv, pas dej, dej ntws, suab puam, toj siab, glaciers thiab lwm qhov chaw, nrog rau cov yam ntxwv hauv cheeb tsam. Thoob plaws hauv lub evolution ntawm 3 billion lub ntiaj teb, microalgae yeej ib txwm muaj peev xwm vam meej raws li ib lub hlwb nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, uas yog ze ze rau lawv extraordinary kev loj hlob thiab kev kho tus kheej muaj peev xwm.

Microalgae extracellular vesicles yog cov khoom siv biomedical tshiab nrog kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov. Microalgae muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem cog qoob loo yooj yim thiab tswj tau, tus nqi qis, kev loj hlob sai, siab vesicle yield, thiab yooj yim engineering hauv kev tsim cov vesicles extracellular. Hauv kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los, nws tau pom tias microalgae extracellular vesicles tau yooj yim sab hauv los ntawm cov hlwb. Hauv cov qauv tsiaj, nws tau pom tias lawv tau ncaj qha absorbed los ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab enriched hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Tom qab nkag mus rau cytoplasm, nws tuaj yeem kav ntev li ob peb hnub, uas yog qhov zoo rau kev tso tawm cov tshuaj mus ntev.

Tsis tas li ntawd, microalgae extracellular vesicles muaj peev xwm thauj khoom ntau yam tshuaj, txhim kho molecular stability, kev tso tawm tsis tu ncua, kev hloov ntawm qhov ncauj, thiab daws cov teeb meem kev xa tshuaj uas twb muaj lawm. Yog li ntawd, kev loj hlob ntawm microalgae extracellular vesicles muaj qhov ua tau zoo hauv kev kho mob txhais lus thiab kev lag luam.