DHA yog dab tsi?

DHA yog docosahexaenoic acid, uas belongs rau omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Daim duab 1). Vim li cas nws thiaj hu ua OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid? Ua ntej, nws cov fatty acid saw muaj 6 unsaturated ob daim ntawv cog lus; thib ob, OMEGA yog 24 thiab tsab ntawv Greek kawg. Txij li thaum kawg unsaturated ob daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv lub fatty acid saw yog nyob rau ntawm lub thib peb carbon atom ntawm methyl kawg, nws yog hu ua OMEGA-3, ua nws ib tug OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.

Distribution thiab mechanism ntawm DHA

Ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub hlwb qia yog lipid, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, nrog DHA tuav 90% ntawm OMEGA-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids thiab 10-20% ntawm tag nrho lub hlwb lipids. EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) thiab ALA (alpha-linolenic acid) tsuas yog ua ib feem me me xwb. DHA yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm ntau cov txheej txheem lipid, xws li neuronal synapses, endoplasmic reticulum, thiab mitochondria. Tsis tas li ntawd, DHA koom nrog hauv cell membrane-mediated signal transduction, gene expression, neural oxidative repair, li no coordinating brain development and function. Yog li ntawd, nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb, kev sib kis ntawm neural, kev nco, kev paub, thiab lwm yam. (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Lub photoreceptor hlwb nyob rau hauv lub retina lub photosensitive ib feem yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv polyunsaturated fatty acids, nrog DHA accounting rau ntau tshaj 50% polyunsaturated fatty acids (Yeboah li al., 2021 Journal of Lipid Research; Calder, 2016 Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism). DHA yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov fatty acids loj unsaturated nyob rau hauv photoreceptor hlwb, koom nrog hauv kev tsim kho ntawm cov hlwb, nrog rau kev sib kho kom pom cov teeb liab hloov mus thiab txhim kho cell ciaj sia nyob rau hauv teb rau oxidative kev nyuaj siab (Swinkels thiab Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics).

DHA thiab Human Health

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm DHA hauv Kev Loj Hlob, Kev Paub, Kev Nco, thiab Kev Coj Tus Cwj Pwm

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm frontal lobe ntawm lub hlwb yog cuam tshuam los ntawm DHA mov(Gustard-Langelie 1999 Lipids), cuam tshuam rau kev txawj ntse, nrog rau kev tsom mus, kev txiav txim siab, nrog rau tib neeg lub siab thiab tus cwj pwm. Yog li ntawd, kev tswj hwm qib siab ntawm DHA tsis yog tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb thaum cev xeeb tub thiab thaum yau, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb heev rau kev paub thiab kev coj cwj pwm hauv cov laus. Ib nrab ntawm DHA hauv tus menyuam mos lub hlwb los ntawm kev sib sau ntawm leej niam lub DHA thaum cev xeeb tub, thaum tus menyuam mos noj DHA txhua hnub yog 5 npaug ntawm tus neeg laus.(Bourre, J. Nutr. Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Hnub nyoog 2006; McNamara li al., Prostaglandins Leukot. Qhov tseem ceeb. Rog. Acid 2006). Yog li nws tseem ceeb heev kom tau txais DHA txaus thaum cev xeeb tub thiab menyuam mos. Nws raug pom zoo kom cov niam ntxiv nrog 200 mg ntawm DHA ib hnub thaum cev xeeb tub thiab pub niam mis(Koletzko et al., J. Perinat. Med. 2008; European Food Safety Authority, EFSA J. 2010). Ntau yam kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias DHA ntxiv thaum cev xeeb tub ua rau qhov hnyav thiab ntev(Makrides et al, Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2006), thaum tseem txhim kho kev txawj ntse hauv menyuam yaus(Helland et al., Pediatrics 2003).

Ntxiv nrog DHA thaum pub niam mis ntxiv rau cov lus piav tes piav taw (Meldrum et al., Br. J. Nutr. 2012), txhim kho tus me nyuam txoj kev txawj ntse, thiab nce IQ (Drover et a l., Early Hum. Dev.2011; Cohen Am. J. Prev. Med. 2005). Cov menyuam yaus ntxiv nrog DHA qhia tau hais tias kev kawm lus thiab kev txawj sau ntawv zoo dua qub(Da lton et a l., Prostaglandins Leukot. Qhov tseem ceeb. Rog. Acid 2009).

Txawm hais tias qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev ntxiv DHA thaum muaj hnub nyoog laus yog qhov tsis paub tseeb, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas hnub nyoog kawm ntawv qib siab tau pom tias ntxiv DHA rau plaub lub lis piam tuaj yeem txhim kho kev kawm thiab kev nco (Karr et al., Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 2012). Hauv cov neeg uas muaj kev nco tsis zoo lossis kev kho siab, DHA supplementation tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nco qab (Yurko-Mauro li al., PLoS ONE 2015; Jaremka et al., Psychosom. Med. 2014)

Ntxiv DHA rau cov neeg laus pab txhawb kev txawj ntse thiab kev nco. Grey teeb meem, nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm lub hlwb cortex, txhawb ntau yam kev txawj ntse thiab kev coj cwj pwm hauv lub hlwb, nrog rau kev tsim ntawm kev xav thiab kev nco qab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov teeb meem grey txo qis thaum muaj hnub nyoog, thiab oxidative kev nyuaj siab thiab mob hauv lub paj hlwb thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob kuj nce ntxiv nrog lub hnub nyoog. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tias kev ntxiv DHA tuaj yeem nce lossis tswj cov teeb meem grey thiab txhim kho kev nco thiab kev txawj ntse (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

Raws li lub hnub nyoog nce, kev nco poob qis, uas tuaj yeem ua rau dementia. Lwm cov kab mob hlwb kuj tuaj yeem ua rau Alzheimer's disease, ib hom kev dementia hauv cov neeg laus. Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias kev noj tshuaj txhua hnub ntawm ntau dua 200 milligrams ntawm DHA tuaj yeem txhim kho kev txawj ntse lossis kev puas hlwb. Tam sim no, tsis muaj pov thawj tseeb rau kev siv DHA hauv kev kho mob Alzheimer's kab mob, tab sis cov txiaj ntsig kev sim qhia tias DHA supplementation muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob Alzheimer (Weiser et al., 2016 Nutrients).

DHA thiab Eye Health

Kev tshawb fawb hauv cov nas tau pom tias qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov retinal DHA, txawm tias yog vim li cas los yog kev thauj mus los, muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev tsis pom kev. Cov neeg mob uas muaj hnub nyoog ntsig txog macular degeneration, ntshav qab zib muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog retinopathy, thiab retinal pigment dystrophies muaj DHA qib qis hauv lawv cov ntshav. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem tsis tau paub meej tias qhov no yog qhov laj thawj lossis qhov tshwm sim. Cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam los yog nas ntxiv DHA lossis lwm cov kab txuas ntev polyunsaturated fatty acids tseem tsis tau ua kom pom tseeb (Swinkels thiab Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics). Txawm li cas los xij, vim hais tias lub retina yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntev-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, nrog DHA yog lub ntsiab tivthaiv, DHA yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub qhov muag kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tib neeg (Swinkels and Baes 2023 Pharmacology & Therapeutics; Li et al., Food Science & Nutrition. ).

DHA thiab Cardiovascular Health

Kev sib sau ntawm cov roj ntsha saturated fatty acids ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov hlab plawv, thaum cov roj fatty acids tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Txawm hais tias muaj cov ntawv ceeb toom tias DHA txhawb kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov hlab plawv, ntau cov kev tshawb fawb kuj qhia tau hais tias cov teebmeem ntawm DHA rau cov hlab plawv tsis meej. Hauv cov ntsiab lus txheeb ze, EPA ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb (Sherrat li al., Cardiovasc Res 2024). Txawm li cas los xij, lub koom haum American Heart Association pom zoo tias cov neeg mob plawv mob plawv ntxiv nrog 1 gram ntawm EPA + DHA txhua hnub (Siscovick li al., 2017, Circulation).